A. Background
Flooding is a relatively high flow , and can not be accommodated by the flow of the river or canal . The flow is meant here is that the source of water flow could be from anywhere . And the water that came out of a river or stream or channel because the channel has exceeded its capacity . This condition is called flooding .
The largest flood that has become a tradition this is usually happen once every 5 years . Given these circumstances is always repeated and repeated , then comes the question that intrigued the author . First , if this situation is not dealt with , or not dealt with ? Secondly , if it has become a tradition that is always repeated every year then this event is considered as a normal thing ? Is it true that fantastic flooding that occurs every five years once it is a natural habit ( ritual ) which is bound to happen ? To try to answer the above questions then be made to this paper .
B. problem Formulation
a. What caused the flooding ?
b . What are the factors that can lead to flooding ?
c . How do menngantisipasi flood ?
d . How do I cope with the flood ?
e . The impact of flooding ?
f . Is it true that the annual flood cycle and the enormity of the five-year flood is a tradition that is sure to happen ?
g . What efforts have been carried out local government of Jakarta to anticipate and prevent the annual flooding ?
C. Research Objectives
Scientific writing is to know what is causing annual flooding often happens that we know the ways to anticipate and cope with the annual flooding .
With the scientific work is expected by society to anticipate or prevent the flooding that often occurs at a later date .
CHAPTER II
ISI
Flooding is a disaster that causes water . Or even stagnant water flowing in no place. This is what often happens in these days are very familiar with the people of Indonesia . Especially in the last few years . Many people who have lost their possessions . In fact , their lives in the floods . Therefore it would be wise if we find ways to make it no longer floods experienced by the people of Indonesia .
1 . The types of flooding that occurred in Indonesia :
a. Flooding due to river overflow
This usually happens due to flooding of the river no longer able to accommodate the flow of water in the river due to water discharge has exceeded capacity . If it's like this , the water will look for another place , where it is on either side of the river which is usually a flood plain area . This water can also occur as a result of the shipment , when high rainfall in the upper reaches of the river and the watershed of the river system was broken then the water will overflow occurs downstream .
b . Local flooding .
The floods caused by excessive water in that place and also overflowing in that place . At the time of high rainfall in the local site soil conditions in the location where it was difficult to absorb water ( can be as dense , it could be due to the humid condition , and could also be due to water catchment areas is low ) then the possibility of localized flooding will be very high.
c . Flooding due to tidal
During high tide , sea level will rise , automatic water flow at the mouth of the river will be slower than when when the sea receded . Besides slowing down , when the water flow of the river has exceeded its capacity ( flat or hollow place ) and even then the water will spread out in all directions and there was flooding .
2 . Factors Contributing to Flooding
Basically the flood was caused by overflow of water flow that occurs in the channel or river . It could happen at high and low places . By the time the water falls to the surface of the earth in the form of rain ( precipitation ) , then the water will flow to a lower place through the channels of the rivers or in the form of surface runoff ( run off ) the majority will go / soak into the ground ( infiltration ) and partly evaporates into the air ( evapotranspiration ) .
Actually the flooding is a natural event in floodplains , why can naturally ? Because the flood plain formed by the recent floods . Flood plain is an area that formed due to sedimentation ( precipitation ) flood . When flooding occurs , not only water but also brought land from the downstream flow of the river . Usually formed in the floodplain area of the river meetings . As a result of this event sedimentation , flood plain is a fertile area for farming , have shallow groundwater that is well suited for residential and urban . It was natural factors causing flood , now we see that is not natural or a result of the change .
There are two factors why flooding occurs changes . The first environmental changes which would have included climate change , changes in geomorphology , geology changes and spatial changes . And the second is the change of the society itself . Rain is a major factor causing flooding . Climate change causes changes in rainfall patterns which currently has a lifeboat rain short time but high intensity . As a result of this state of the channels that exist no longer able to accommodate the amount of runoff and soil - saturation of the soil rapidly .
Changes in land use and automated land cover changes also occur . The use of the existing residential land , rice fields , upland , field etc. . While the land cover of vegetation that grows on the surface of the earth leading to higher runoff . Runoff occurs when rainfall has exceeded the rate of soil infiltration .
